All serum transfers from donor rats or rabbits given single or multiple vaccinations of ultraviolet (u.v.)-attenuated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae conferred significant resistance against challenge to mice. Donors given 5 vaccinations, however, produced the most effective sera; rat sera giving up to 88% protection and rabbit sera up to 80%. This protective effect was species-specific and titratable. Sera from vaccinated rabbits and rats were were most effective when transferred to mice 2 h before challenge, but became progressively less effective when transferred with increasing time after challenge. These sera had no efficacy when given 6 days after challenge. Thus, sera from vaccinated rabbits and rats were effective against the early stage of migration, but did not necessarily have to act in the skin as all serum transfers were as effective against intraperitoneal as percutaneous challenge. By contrast, serum from multiply vaccinated mice had little or no protective effect when transferred to mice before challenge, but conferred 62% resistance when transferred 5 days after challenge. Further, there was an additive protective effect when vaccinated rat and mouse sera were given in combination at their optimum transfer times (days 0 and +5, respectively). Thus, there appears to be a stage-specific immune response induced by vaccination depending upon whether the vaccinated hosts are truly permissive or not. Vaccinated rats and rabbits respond to the early phase of migration and vaccinated mice make protective responses against the lung phase of migration.
TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Pathogen-specific immune response and changes in the blood–milk barrier of the bovine mammary gland1